Showing posts with label Hebrew. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Hebrew. Show all posts

Sunday, March 29, 2026

Notes Along the Way -- TF4 -- Ichthusman

... continuing my years as a Teaching Fellow at Asbury. Previous post here.
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1. My second year as Teaching Fellow involved two new preps -- Hebrew and Intermediate Greek. At first, I was a little annoyed at Bill Patrick for finageling a second two year term as Teaching Fellow. That meant he would teach the summer Greek intensive, which was money I wanted. But it seems like perhaps I was allowed to teach Hebrew then, which was perfectly delightful for me. Not all TFs got to teach Hebrew.

Lawson Stone had sung the praises of LaSor (although apparently not enough to use it). I loved it. It was my first experiment with teaching biblical languages inductively. It wouldn't be the last.

Teaching a biblical language inductively can require some pastoral skills. With LaSor especially, students had a good deal of miscellaneous information rattling around in their heads before they could see the big picture. And that is highly uncomfortable -- especially the more "J" you are.

Then, all of a sudden, everything comes together. And in a shorter time period than it would have taken otherwise.

But I loved it. It was great for me, having first learned Hebrew from Seow's textbook, to solidify my understanding with LaSor. Maybe a smidge selfish. But to this day, my sense of Hebrew phonetics is far better than it would be otherwise.

I had some really good students. I like to boast that I was Brian Russell's Hebrew teacher. Of course, I couldn't answer half his questions. So let's just say he taught himself.

Jeff Finger stands out to me as a student, not so much because of his Hebrew prowess, although I'm sure he got an A. Rather, he was a quite unique fellow. I remember one class where he was laying on top of his desk on his back holding LaSor up in the air. This is a desk chair I'm talking about.

2. He seemed like just the right person to play "Lust Boy" for Ichthus that summer of 1991. Denise Greenhalgh, as I recall, had asked me to be Ichthusman for the Christian rock festival. Bob Lyon had started the festival way back in the 70s, as I recall, as a Christian alternative to Woodstock. (I would later propose to Angie during the festival in 1998. This was before they moved it to the place where it died.)

As a small taste of what I had become, I made the suggestion in all seriousness of parachuting into the festival. After checking, the response was that the insurance company would drop us like a hot potato if we tried such a stunt.

So I invented the costume myself. Yellow cleaning gloves. Someone sowed a yellow fish (ichthus) on a black turtleneck I got at a Goodwill type store. Black pants. Purple cape. Some (cheap) cool 90s sunglasses. I had some used clothes that we cut up and vecroed so that I could rip them off to the tune of "This looks like a job for Ichthusmannnnnn!" The costume was underneath.

So that summer we vanquished Lust Boy. I think Scott Brown might have been "Sin Man" the next summer.

3. I also taught Intermediate Greek using Brooks and Winbery as a grammar and Metzger's Lexical Aids. Students were supposed to go through Galatians and both do sentence diagrams and give a semantic analysis for each word. 

No doubt, I was not the best teacher for this. That was I believe when I met Jim McNeely. I seem to recall that Bryan Blankenship was in that class as well, but I could be wrong. As usual, I learned a great deal while teaching.

The year after I was teaching fellow, I would take two semesters at UK in Sanskrit. It was a linguistics sequence. I wish I could say I gave it the time it deserved. I mention it because Sanskrit has an 8 case noun system, and Brooks and Winbery analyzed the five Greek cases using that Indo-European model. [1]

The Nominative, Accusative, and Vocative have always stood alone. But the genitive was originally a genitive and ablative. And the dative was originally dative, locative, and instrumental cases. Indeed, this is a curious thing to me. While we are used to thinking of things getting more developed over time, the Indo-European languages have actually become much simpler over time. Modern Greek is simpler than ancient Greek, and ancient Greek was simpler than its Indo-European ancestor.

I have always felt like I was just a step behind. If I knew everything that I have studied, I would be quite a knowledgable fellow.

4. McNeely likes to remind me that I was fined for trespassing on railroad property with a girl I was dating from Asbury College at the time. But I'll let that story pass.

[1] I suppose this is a good place to mention that I sat in on Dr. Stone's Akkadian class too my first year as Teaching Fellow. I didn't find the time to learn it as well as I wished. It was quite a fun deviation, since it used cuneiform for its syllables. He needed my warm body for the class to go, as I recall.

Tuesday, June 10, 2025

7.1 Learning Biblical Greek (Hermeneutical Autobiography)

It's pretty crazy to have five posts a week from five different writing projects with a different one almost every day of the week. So I thought I might do a two week cycle instead -- three days on one project, three days on the next, Sunday for Bible. Then complete the cycle the next week. That way the posts have more continuity rather than jerking readers in a different direction every day.

With that in mind, here is a continuation of yesterday's project, previously my Monday project -- a hermeneutical autobiography. Earlier posts at the bottom.
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1. I started off college as a chemistry major. I said I was going to be a doctor or a surgeon. I don't know if it was ever real to me. I don't think my mother necessarily thought it would happen. Probably a good thing. I probably would have left a scalpel in someone.

Near the end of my first semester at Central Wesleyan College, I felt like God was calling me into ministry. My mother wasn't surprised. My father advised I continue another semester as a chem major and then if I felt the same way, change my major then.

It's funny. I have doubted almost everything in my life at one point or another -- especially during the years from 1977-1987. But I didn't have any doubt that God wanted me to go to Central, and I never doubted that God was calling me into ministry. Strange things.

2. I dove into biblical Greek the fall of 1985. I would take enough Greek at Central to be a Greek Bible major alongside having general Bible and Religion majors as well. I enjoyed Greek. I had taken 2.5 years of Latin in high school, so it wasn't completely foreign to me. I knew about cases and changing endings on words. 

Knowing what I know now, I was not great at it, although I got As. Even with a Greek Bible major, I had to study my rear end off to pass the Greek competency entrance exam at Asbury. But I did pass it, and I guess not many did. David Thompson's study book was very helpful. I would only get really good at Greek when I became a Teaching Fellow and had to teach it. Along with philosophy, biblical languages have probably been my areas of greatest teaching giftedness.

I remember my brother-in-law having me try to read the Christmas story in Greek after my first semester. Of course, I couldn't. Not only is Luke some of the hardest Greek in the Bible, but you can't really do much with Greek after only one semester with it taught the traditional way. I would explore a different teaching approach later where you might have a better chance, but on vocabulary alone I was doomed in 1985.

I had Herb Dongell for my first year. He was very much the rote memorization type of teacher. He even had us learn all the accent rules. I remember trying to tutor a dyslexic ministry major on the accent rules the next year. We just busted out laughing at one point because of how silly some of the rules sound. "If the second to last syllable is long and the last syllable is short, if the second to last syllable is accented, it will take a circumflex."

3. If you asked me why a pastor should learn the biblical languages, there is of course the matter of always having to rely on someone else's word for it if you don't know them. There is frankly a lot of shlock out there coming from pulpits in the name of Greek and Hebrew. There's a lot of crazy stuff out there. Biblical languages are treated like magic tricks.

Most American pastors don't have the aptitude to learn them. This is why I never advocated that they be required in my circles. It ends up being a waste of time. Keith Drury and Russ Gunsalus had data ready to talk me out of requiring it at Wesley Seminary but I never had a thought of requiring it. When you forget 95% of what you didn't learn the week after finals, it's a bad use of time.

I pioneered Greek for Ministry and Hebrew for Ministry courses at Wesley Seminary. The goal was to teach use of the tools and the categories-meaning of the languages rather than expecting full memorization. I think there is much more hope for teaching the significance of Greek and Hebrew than having people memorize everything. In the years since, I have hammered YouTube with Greek and Hebrew videos. I even have a couple Hebrew courses on Udemy

But most American pastors simply won't be able to do it -- or more likely, will learn just enough to get it wrong. When I became a teaching fellow in biblical languages at Asbury in 1990, my predecessor had a sign on his desk that said, "Just remember. People are stupid." I thought that was awful. By the way, I am stupid in so many ways. But, 35 years later, I get what he was saying about seminary students and Greek. Most people just can't do it on any level of proficiency, not in the amount of time we give to it.

This is a parable, I suspect, for truly understanding the Bible in depth. (Keith Drury would kill me for saying this -- at least he would have at one point.) Most simply aren't going to. The purist says, "But they should, especially pastors!" The realist and pragmatist says, "Everyone has a different giftedness. Some people can climb mountains. Other people enjoy looking at them."

If I could go back to theological education 60 years ago and change the way Greek and Hebrew were taught, I've wondered if they might still be required. I would teach the significance of the categories of the language, much like a book I wrote last year. The free tools available make it so much easier now to learn the important things -- even more than when I wrote those Greek and Hebrew for ministry courses ten years ago.

4. The greatest value I experienced from these languages is the way they helped me enter the biblical worlds on a whole new level. When you are reading the Bible in English, it's like you are watching the biblical world on TV. You're not really there. It's really hard to get out of your culture and assumptions and get into the biblical worlds. The languages are a baptism by fire into their worlds.

Most Christians will never really enter that world on a deep level, including most pastors. It's like the person that eats at McDonalds when they're traveling Europe. They're joking about you in French behind your back, but you're oblivious because you don't speak the language. The taxi driver is charging you three times as much as normal but you don't know it.

Learning the biblical languages was the first step in beginning to read the Bible on its own terms rather than my terms. This was especially the case with Hebrew, which I didn't really start learning in depth until seminary...

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1. The Memory Verse Approach

2.1 Adventures in Interpretation
2.2 Adventures in Jewelry

3.1 Beginnings of Context
3.2 Adventures in Hair
3.3 What was 1 Corinthians 11 really about?

4.1 Keeping the Sabbath
4.2 The Sabbath as Conviction
4.3 The New Testament and Old Testament Law 

5. An Easter Morning in Galatians

6.1 Adventures in the King James Version
6.2 Beyond the King James Version

Wednesday, April 10, 2019

Old Testament Theology Podcasts

For this season I've been doing a set of verses relating to Old Testament theology each week. On Monday and Friday I look at the Hebrew of some key verses. On Wednesday I've been doing podcasts related to the theological topic of the week.

Here are the podcasts:

Theology of God
Creation
Sin and Atonement

Monday, January 14, 2019

Old Testament Theology on Patreon

I have been doing some videos/podcasts on Isaiah but it wasn't energizing me or (I think) my patrons.

So I'm switching it up. For a few months I plan to look at verses in the Old Testament in a series on Old Testament theology. The revised weekly plan is:
  • Monday - continue to do a video on the letters and pronunciation of a Hebrew verse of the week.
  • Tuesday - for patrons only, continued work on my inductive Bible study textbook
  • Wednesday - podcast on patreon covering the OT theology relevant to the verse of the week
  • Thursday - for patrons only, continued work on my inductive Bible study textbook
  • Friday - continue to do a video on the Hebrew grammar of the verse of the week
  • Saturday - patrons only, continued work on my inductive Bible study textbook
  • Sunday - Christian Sabbath :-)

Saturday, December 22, 2018

For Patrons: Beginning Hebrew III

My third patron post on the alphabet is up, covering the letters he, chet, mem, nun, and tsade. In particular, I cover the letters whose final form is different from their initial or "medial" forms.

Patrons are those who donate at least $5 a month to my Patreon.com page, supporting my daily podcast commentaries on Acts, along with the daily videos on the Greek of these same passages.




Wednesday, December 19, 2018

For Patrons: Beginning Hebrew II

Another patron post today on the Hebrew alphabet on patreon, a great way to learn Hebrew gradually. Today covered aleph, ayin, bet, gimil, dalet, kaph, pe, and tav.

Patrons are those who donate at least $5 a month to my Patreon.com page, supporting my daily podcast commentaries on Acts, along with the daily videos on the Greek of these same passages.

Saturday, December 15, 2018

For Patrons: Beginning Hebrew 1

One feature of my new series on Isaiah 40-66 is that on Saturdays I am going to be plugging away at a new book draft: Hebrew for Ministers and Scholars. What that means is that my patrons will be able to learn biblical Hebrew at a gingerly pace. After all, I'm only working on the book once a week for a Saturday post.

This will be a really easy way to learn Hebrew, especially if you also watch the two videos on the Hebrew of Isaiah during the week. Patrons are those who donate at least $5 a month to my Patreon.com page, supporting my daily podcast commentaries on Acts, along with the daily videos on the Greek of these same passages.


Sunday, December 02, 2018

Adventures in Isaiah and Hebrew

1. For 35 weeks (including this week) I have slowly made my way through the book of Acts. On weekdays I have done a daily podcast commentary on a passage, trying to cover about a chapter a week. Also on weekdays, I did YouTube videos on the Greek of that passage, accumulating more than 200 videos. Together, these podcasts and commentaries amount to a college course in Acts, without the tests and papers. :-)

2. Beginning December 10, we are switching to Isaiah 40-66 and Hebrew. The schedule above was quite intense, so I'm planning on a slightly less demanding schedule. Here is the plan:
  • Weekly - The goal is about 15 verses a week.
  • Monday - On YouTube, I plan to go through the Hebrew letters of a key verse in the passage for the week. So you can start learning Hebrew.
  • Tuesday - Patreon podcast on 7-8 verses
  • Wednesday - sometimes, something more for patrons
  • Thursday - On YouTube, go through another key verse in Hebrew, this time looking at the Hebrew grammar of the verse. Again, you can learn Hebrew.
  • Friday - Patreon podcast on 7-8 verses
  • Saturday - for patrons, work on "Hebrew for Ministers and Scholars" book
3. Patrons are those who donate at least $5 a month on Patreon. I have been making patron videos available on YouTube after about a three weeks delay. I will probably continue to do that with any Saturday videos. The book writing however is toward a book so wouldn't be available until the book came out.

Wednesday, August 28, 2013

My Mistake (Genesis 1:27)

I was looking at the Hebrew of Genesis 1:27 again tonight and noticed it's not quite as obvious as I thought.  I still think the normal interpretation is correct (i.e., that of the NRSV, NIV2011, NLT, Message), over against the ESV and HCSB. It just isn't as obvious as I was saying.

Here's the Hebrew (it goes from right to left):

וַיִּבְרָא אֱלֹהִים אֶת־הָֽאָדָם בְּצַלְמֹו
 in his image    the 'adam          God      and he created = "And God created the 'adam in his image"

בְּצֶלֶם אֱלֹהִים בָּרָא אֹתֹו
  him   he created    God    in the image of = "In the image of God he created him"

זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה בָּרָא אֹתָֽם
them   he created  and female male = "male and female he created them"

Where I was wrong is that I thought the "him" of the second line was a "them," but the exegesis is still the same:

1. The "him" of the second line must include both male and female because the third line unpacks the second.

2. Therefore, the 'adam is not a reference to the person Adam or to "man" as a reference to males.  It is a reference to humankind in general.

It is difficult to bring this into English.  I still maintain the NRSV is the best rendition.  Languages like Hebrew have to pick a gender for the object of the second line, and since 'adam is grammatically masculine, "him" was the appropriate grammatical choice.  But in English, him means a male, even though in Hebrew it is not sexual here.

So I stand by my claim that by choosing to go with "him," the ESV and HCSB actually change the meaning into a masculine bias it did not have in Hebrew.

Thursday, July 18, 2013

Hebrew Bible Tools

17 minute video on a couple tools to help you get at the Hebrew behind the OT without knowing too much Hebrew (blueletterbible.org, interlinearbible.org):

Monday, July 08, 2013

Hebrew Nouns and Adjectives

Here's a 27 minute video on Hebrew nouns and adjectives, with a couple other things also thrown in.

Monday, July 01, 2013

Hebrew Videos (Verb Tenses and Stems)

Here is a continuing window into some of the teaching materials I'm using for the class "Hebrew for Ministry."  Hebrew verb debates seem all over the place to me, so thoughts are very welcome from Hebrew masters...

Hebrew Verb Tenses

Hebrew Verb Stems

Wednesday, June 19, 2013

Hebrew Connecting Words (conjunctions and prepositions)

Just added the video below to my videos on YouTube on Old Testament Hebrew.

This video covers the most important conjunctions and prepositions in Old Testament.  "And," "in," "to," "like," etc...

 

Tuesday, June 11, 2013

Hebrew Vowels

This is not perfect and should be redone, but something is often better than nothing:

 

Thursday, June 06, 2013

Hebrew Alphabet

I'm teaching Hebrew for Ministry this summer.  Although it is primarily about working with Hebrew without memorizing all the forms, you have to learn the alphabet:

Monday, October 29, 2012

Elaine Bernius on Joban Dialect

Caught a brief preview today at the Theological Research Seminar of Elaine Bernius' dissertation on the dialects of Job.  What fascinating and painstaking work!  She considers concentrations of words in various categories like Israelean, "foreign," Late Biblical Hebrew, and Standard Biblical Hebrew, while also considering of course extra-biblical sources like Dead Sea Hebrew and Mishnaic Hebrew.

In general, she believes the dialectical elements of Job's comforters may be a stylistic feature, a deliberate projection of foreignness on them, pointing especially toward the east.  Aramaic words would then not be particular evidence for lateness but more a stylistic element.  Perhaps it is no surprise, then, that her adviser would be delighted if God turned out to speak Standard Biblical Hebrew. :-)

Very impressive!

Tuesday, July 19, 2011

Hebrew for Ministry

If you're having trouble sleeping, here are three relatively short vidcasts on how to use tools to understand what's going on in the Hebrew text without really knowing Hebrew.

Deuteronomy 10:14: http://connect8.indwes.edu/p80574607/

Deuteronomy 10:15-16: http://connect8.indwes.edu/p23197869/

Deuteronomy 10:17-19: http://connect8.indwes.edu/p79844534/

Monday, June 20, 2011

Find the Errors 2

Here is my second find the errors vidcast for my Hebrew for Ministry course, based on Genesis 23:12. Their task is to identify three word fallacies in the selection.  Here are the options:

1. English-only fallacy (basing meaning on English rather than the original Greek or Hebrew)
2. Etymological fallacy (the past history of a word does not control its present meaning)
3. Anachronistic fallacy (the future meaning of a word does not control its present meaning)
4. Lexical fallacy (all the meanings of a word do not have to play out some core meaning common to the others)
5. Overload fallacy (meaning is local--don't import extraneous meanings from other contexts to this one)
6. One meaning fallacy (words can and usually do have multiple, distinct, potentially unrelated meanings)
7. Word-concept fallacy (a concept is not limited to a word, and a word will not exhaust a concept)

Saturday, June 04, 2011

A Taste of Hebrew for Ministry

We're in the middle of the first week of "Hebrew for Ministry," a summer course at Wesley Seminary.  We alternate summers, Greek for Ministry, Hebrew for Ministry and so forth.  The goal is to be able to use the tools without having memorized all the forms.

Anyway, here's a 10ish minute taste of the first week: Transliterating the Shema